On this day: 9 June

The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.

The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.

Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse.

Abu Muslim initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, eventually leading to the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate under the Black Standard.

Duccio's Maestà, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy.

Parisian printer Simon de Colines was fined for printing biblical commentary by Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples without obtaining prior approval from theologians.

Jacques Cartier is the first European to describe and map the Saint Lawrence River.

Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battles of Arklow and Saintfield.

End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set.

Hamilton, Ontario (skyline pictured), was granted city status by the Parliament of the Province of Canada.

The first company of Mormon handcart pioneers left Iowa City for Salt Lake City, Utah.

The Beyoglu Protocol turns the district of Mount Lebanon into an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire and grants the Christians more power over the Druze.

American Civil War: Confederate General Stonewall Jackson concluded his successful Shenandoah Valley campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic.

American Civil War: Union and Confederate forces fought the Battle of Brandy Station, the largest cavalry engagement to take place on American soil.

Treaty of Tientsin is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam – most of present-day Vietnam – to France.

Åland's Regional Assembly convenes for its first plenary session in Mariehamn, Åland; today, the day is celebrated as Self-Government Day of Åland.

Bulgaria's military takes over the government in a coup.

Australian aviator Charles Kingsford Smith and his crew landed the Southern Cross in Brisbane, completing the first transpacific flight.

World War II: The Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.

Foundation of the International Council on Archives under the auspices of the UNESCO.

During hearings investigating conflicting accusations between the United States Army and Senator Joseph McCarthy, Army lawyer Joseph N. Welch asked McCarthy: "At long last, have you left no sense of decency?"

First ascent of Broad Peak by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, and Hermann Buhl.

The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine.

Fighting began between the Viet Cong and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in the Battle of Đồng Xoài, one of the largest battles in the Vietnam War.

The civilian Prime Minister of South Vietnam, Phan Huy Quát, resigns after being unable to work with a junta led by Nguyễn Cao Kỳ.

Six-Day War: Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria.

The racehorse Secretariat, of Meadow Stables (racing colors pictured), won the Belmont Stakes by 31 lengths, achieving the first American Triple Crown victory in a quarter of a century.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens its priesthood to "all worthy men", ending a 148-year-old policy of excluding black men.

Lebanon War: The Israeli Air Force carried out Operation Mole Cricket 19, successfully suppressing Syrian air defenses in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon.

Yugoslav Wars: The Kumanovo Agreement was signed, bringing an end to the Kosovo War the next day.