On this day: 7 July

The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of 19 weeks.

Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba.

Jacques Cartier makes his first contact with aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada.

After three days of battle around Chesma, the Russian fleet defeats the Ottoman Navy, inflicting one of the most severe naval defeats on the Ottoman Empire since Lepanto.

The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.

Outraged by the XYZ Affair, the United States rescinded its treaties with France, resulting in the undeclared Quasi-War, fought entirely at sea.

The first Treaty of Tilsit between France and Russia is signed, ending hostilities between the two countries in the War of the Fourth Coalition.

US troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the US conquest of California.

The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.

The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution.

US president William McKinley signed the Newlands Resolution, annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.

Inspired by the Folies Bergère of Paris, American impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. (pictured) staged the first of his Ziegfeld Follies.

Four countries signed the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, which banned the hunting of seals in the pelagic zone.

World War I: The First Battle of the Isonzo between Italy and Austria-Hungary comes to an end.

The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington.

Sliced bread is sold for the first time (on the inventor's 48th birthday) by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.

Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).

The Finnish far-right Lapua Movement organises the Peasant March demonstration in Helsinki to put pressure on the government to prohibit communist activities.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Lugou Bridge) provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War (China-Japan War).

World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.

Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.

The ocean liner SS United States passes Bishop Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.

Ernesto "Che" Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.

US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.

Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.

The secret police of Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of South Vietnamese president Ngô Đình Diệm, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest during the Buddhist crisis.

West Germany won the FIFA World Cup final against the Netherlands at the Munich Olympiastadion.

The Solomon Islands becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

Institution of sharia law in Iran.

US President Ronald Reagan nominates Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.

After writing a letter to Soviet premier Yuri Andropov, American schoolgirl Samantha Smith visited the Soviet Union as Andropov's personal guest, becoming known as "America's Youngest Ambassador".

Yugoslav Wars: The signing of the Brioni Agreement ended the Ten-Day War between SFR Yugoslavia and Slovenia.

The New York Court of Appeals rules that women have the same right as men to go topless in public.

The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.

NASA Opportunity rover, MER-B or Mars Exploration Rover–B, was launched into space aboard a Delta II rocket.

The first Live Earth benefit concert was held in 11 locations around the world.

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted with 122 countries voting in favour.

The United States defeated the Netherlands 2–0 at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final in Lyon, France.