On this day: 14 June

The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.

While in exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong.

Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.

Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.

Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).

Franco-Spanish War: French and Spanish fleets fought the inconclusive Battle of Orbetello, with sailing vessels of both sides having to be towed into action by galleys due to light winds.

Franco-Spanish War: Turenne and the French army win a decisive victory over the Spanish at the battle of the Dunes.

American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces.

The Second Continental Congress adopted the stars and stripes design for the flag of the United States.

War of the Second Coalition: In the Battle of Marengo, Napoleonic forces secured victory over the Habsburgs when defeat had appeared inevitable until the arrival of French troops led by Louis Desaix.

Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.

Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end.

Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.

Settlers in Sonoma began rebelling against Mexico, later proclaiming the California Republic and raising a homemade flag with a bear and a star.

American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.

Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.

Trade unions are legalized in Canada.

The second of the German Naval Laws was passed, authorising the doubling in size of the Imperial German Navy.

Hawaii becomes a United States territory.

The National Association for Women's Suffrage succeeds in getting Norwegian women the right to vote in parliamentary elections.

John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.

Brazil leaves the League of Nations.

The landmark Australian Eastern Mission concluded after a three-month diplomatic tour of East and South-East Asia.

Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.

U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act.

Second World War: Four days after the French government fled Paris, German forces occupied the French capital, a major accomplishment in the Fall Rot operation.

The Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to Lithuania demanding that the Red Army be allowed to enter the country and form a pro-Soviet government.

World War II: The German occupation of Paris begins.

World War II: Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army liberate the captured in Ilocos Sur and start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon.

Albert II, a rhesus monkey, rides a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 134 km (83 mi), thereby becoming the first mammal and first monkey in space.

UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" into the United States Pledge of Allegiance.

Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

Disneyland Monorail System, the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere, opens to the public in Anaheim, California.

The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.

The Vatican formally abolished its 427-year-old list of prohibited books (title page pictured).

Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched towards Venus.

Five member nations of the European Economic Community sign the Schengen Agreement establishing a free travel zone with no border controls.

After an 81-day standoff sparked by their refusal to be evicted from their foreclosed property in Jordan, Montana, the Christian Patriot group Montana Freemen surrendered to the FBI.

Near-Earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by 75,000 miles (121,000 km), about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.