On this day: 7 May

Jews in the Roman province of Syria Palaestina rebelled against the rule of Constantius Gallus (pictured), caesar of the Eastern Roman Empire.

In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.

The Seljuk emirs of Mosul and Mardin defeat the Crusader States of Antioch and Edessa.

The Crusader army of emperor Frederick Barbarossa defeats an army of the Rum Seljuks in the battle of Philomelion.

In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope.

In Avignon, France, Cardinal Pierre Roger is elected Pope and takes the name Clement VI.

Granada War: Forces of Aragon and Castile began a siege of Málaga, a Muslim city in the south of the Iberian Peninsula.

Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV's new Palace of Versailles.

Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces.

The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville.

The Ottoman Empire cedes Bukovina to the Habsburg monarchy.

French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre established the Cult of the Supreme Being as the new state religion of the French First Republic.

World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's supervision.

Greece's independence is recognized by the Treaty of London.

American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.

In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector—a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.

The Republic of China accedes to 13 of the 21 Demands, extending the Empire of Japan's control over Manchuria and the Chinese economy.

Polish–Soviet War: Kyiv offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kyiv only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-offensive a month later.

Treaty of Moscow: Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.

Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.

Employees at Fleischer Studios in New York City went on strike in the animation industry's first major labor strike.

Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita founded the telecommunications corporation Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, later renamed Sony.

The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.

The concept of the integrated circuit, the basis for all modern computers, is first published by Geoffrey Dummer.

Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Viet Minh victory (the battle began on March 13).

Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers.

Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits.

Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.

Space Shuttle program: The Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its first mission, STS-49.

Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for US$40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.

Pope John Paul II travels to Romania, becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup.

Vladimir Putin is inaugurated as president of Russia.

A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was published, demonstrating that most living humans have Neanderthal ancestors.